Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park is home to twelve habituated mountain gorilla families, more than any single national park in the world. Each family has been given a Kinyarwanda name that reflects a characteristic of the group, its silverback, or the circumstances of its habituation. Every family has its own personality, its own social history, and its own territory across the volcanic slopes of the Virunga Massif. Understanding the families helps you prepare for the trek — and context makes the encounter richer.

The permit for Rwanda gorilla trekking costs $1,500 per person. You do not choose the specific family — Rwanda Development Board assigns visitor groups at the morning briefing based on the family’s confirmed location and the group’s fitness level. What you do choose is the trek difficulty you are able to manage, and an informed ranger coordinator will take that into account. Below is the complete guide to every habituated gorilla family in Volcanoes National Park.

The Habituated Gorilla Families

• Sabyinyo Family — named after Mount Sabyinyo, one of the most accessible families, shortest average trek time
• Amahoro Family — “peaceful,” known for calm and unhurried encounters on Mount Bisoke
• Agashya Family — formerly Group 13, now one of the largest families in the park
• Hirwa Family — “lucky,” famous for producing mountain gorilla twins
• Kwitonda Family — “humble one,” migrated from DRC, high-altitude treks
• Susa Family — one of Dian Fossey’s original research families, now split into Susa A and Karisimbi
• Umubano Family — “good neighborly relations,” split from Amahoro in 2004
• Ugenda Family — “always moving,” highly mobile family covering a wide range
• Bwenge Family — “wisdom,” ranges on the slopes of Mount Muhabura
• Titus Family — named after the famous silverback studied by National Geographic over four decades
• Ntambara Family — calm and well-habituated, ranges near Sabyinyo
• Karisimbi Family — split from the original Susa family, highest altitude trek in Rwanda

How Family Assignment Works

Rwanda Development Board ranger teams track every habituated family’s location before dawn on each trekking day. When visitor groups arrive at the park headquarters in Kinigi for the 7am briefing, rangers assign each group to a family based on: where the family spent the night, the terrain required to reach them, and the fitness profile of the visitor group. You can indicate at booking — and at the briefing — whether you need a shorter or easier trek. The Sabyinyo family is typically the most accessible for visitors with limited mobility or fitness concerns. Susa, Kwitonda, and Karisimbi involve the longest and highest treks and are assigned to fit, prepared visitors.

Rwanda vs Uganda — Same Species, Different Forest

The mountain gorillas in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park are the same species as those in Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable Forest and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park. The permit in Rwanda costs $1,500 versus Uganda’s $800. The trekking format is the same — one hour with the family, maximum eight visitors. What differs is the forest: Rwanda’s families live in a bamboo-dominated volcanic forest at the base of the Virunga peaks, while Bwindi’s families live in one of Africa’s oldest closed-canopy rainforests. Both are extraordinary. Visitors who want to do both can combine them in a single safari — a 3–4 day Rwanda trekking trip followed by crossing into Uganda is straightforward from Kigali.

• Uganda and Rwanda Combined Gorilla Safari
• Dian Fossey Trail — Rwanda and Uganda
• Rwanda Gorilla Trekking Permit — $1,500

Rwanda’s gorilla family monitoring programme — which Karisoke Research Centre staff have maintained continuously since 1967 — produces the longest longitudinal dataset of any mountain gorilla population, providing the demographic foundation for the conservation decisions that both the Rwanda Development Board and Uganda Wildlife Authority base their management choices on. The specific data on birth rates, mortality causes, inter-group transfer patterns, and family fission dynamics that the Rwanda monitoring record holds has shaped the conservation model that protects the entire mountain gorilla population, not only the Rwandan families. Visitor encounters with the Rwanda families thus happen within the world’s most data-rich great ape conservation context — a layer of scientific meaning that the trekking briefing can only partially convey.

Rwanda’s habituated gorilla families number twelve as of 2025, distributed across Volcanoes National Park’s four accessible sectors — a number that the RDB’s ongoing habituation programme may expand as additional family groups complete the two-year habituation process that prepares them for regular human visitor presence.

The Karisoke Research Centre’s publications on the Rwandan families are available through the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund’s online archive for researchers and interested visitors.